Supply and Demand of automobiles Essay Example For Students

Gracefully and Demand of vehicles Essay 1. Break down the cheap food industry from the perspective of impeccable rivalry. Incorporate the ideas of versatility, utility, expenses, and market structure to clarify the costs charged by cheap food retailers. Firms inside the inexpensive food industry fall under the market structure of flawless rivalry. Market structure is a grouping framework for the key characteristics of a market. The qualities of flawless rivalry include: enormous number of purchasers and merchants, simple section to and exit from the market, homogeneous items, and the firm is the value taker. Many cheap food establishments fit all or the greater part of these qualities. Rivalry inside the business just as market flexibly and request conditions set the cost of items sold. For instance, when Wendys presented its $.99 esteem menu, a few different organizations actualized a similar kind of changes to their menu. The interest for things on Wendys esteem menu was so high since they were offering indistinguishable items from consistently, yet at a limited cost. We will compose a custom article on Supply and Demand of cars explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now This adjustment in advertise request essentially constrained Wendys rivalry to bring down costs of things on their menu, so as to keep up a lot of the market. The past model delineates the versatility of the inexpensive food industry. Flexibly and request set the balance cost for products offered by establishments inside the business. Contenders of Wendys must acknowledge the costs built up by the purchaser interest for the worth menu. On the off chance that purchasers didnt react so emphatically to Wendys changes, different firms wouldnt have needed to modify costs. On the other side of this idea, there is no requirement for establishments to additionally decrease costs beneath the current levels. At the current costs, firms may sell as much item as they need, in this manner augmenting benefits. This industry has a high utility worth. Utility is a proportion of fulfillment or joy that is gotten from expending a decent or administration. In the event that customers feel as though they get a decent supper, at a decent value, at that point theyre fulfilled. This consumer loyalty combined with generally low costs keeps the business gainful. Another nature of immaculate rivalry that might be disregarded, however is fundamental to this industry is the simplicity of section into the market. Start-up establishments inside this market structure can start working with moderately low beginning ventures (contrasted with different businesses). This isn't where syndications are concerned. There are various hindrances to passage into monopolistic market structures, capital being one of the most noticeable obstructions. On the off chance that another establishment an offer the shopper a quality item at a marked down cost, at that point the odds of accomplishment are incredibly expanded. For instance, Chanellos and Little Caesars offer limited pizza costs, and keep up a similar quality as other pizza chains. These organizations spend less on promoting and more on the real item. That is a significant idea in this industry, in light of the fact that their quality item at this limited value gives them a specialty in the market. When an organization builds up a specialty, they become progressively obvious to the shopper, in this manner making more interest, which prompts more noteworthy income. 2. Break down games establishments from the perspective of a restraining infrastructure. Sports establishments fall inside the market structure of imposing business models. Most pro athletics groups fit most or the entirety of the qualities of a restraining infrastructure. For each game, there are a set number of groups and new sections into the association are rare. Likewise, there are numerous boundaries to section into the market, including huge introductory capital venture, predominance by one or scarcely any organizations, and other lawful issues that must be thought of. A financial specialist would at first need money for finance of players, finance for the executives, promoting, playing office, and numerous different various expenses. The new establishment proprietor would should be exceptionally rich and have the sponsorship of other well off people just to buy the establishment. When an establishment inevitably enters the market, they can set the costs for that specific market. Imposing business models are value creators and the items offered are not touchy to changes in the market. .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e , .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .postImageUrl , .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e , .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:hover , .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:visited , .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:active { border:0!important; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:active , .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:hover { murkiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ufd591ab30d82 4ac01bc556065943286e .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ufd591ab30d824ac01bc556065943286e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Royal Mail's execution of progress the board The interest bend of a syndication isn't versatile, as is such in a completely serious market. The monopolistic interest bend is equivalent to the .

British economy in the 1930s essays

English economy in the 1930's expositions How far can the fortunes of the British economy during the 1930s be clarified as far as British modern decay? After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the economy of those nations reliant on exchange fallen because of the emergency in America. England was one of these nations. The point of this article is to set up the degree of the impact that Britains industry had on her economy after this downturn. There is no uncertainty that the securities exchange crash had a significant and awful impact on the economy. Somewhere in the range of 1929 and 1931 the estimation of British fares fell by half, and Britain had an exchange shortage of 100 million. There were likewise 3 million individuals jobless in 1931. The entirety of this demonstrates toward the start of the decade, the British economy was in emergency not as a result of industry, but since of the breakdown of offer qualities in America. Notwithstanding this, it was American financial specialists that framed most of Britains new businesses, for example, the Ford vehicle organization and the Hoover Corporation. These businesses, while blasting in the South, completely avoided the North of the nation, and just gave 7% of work in 1934. Subsequently, these more up to date businesses didn't generally significantly affect he economy all in all. All through the 1930s, joblessness fell. Nonetheless, despite the fact that this may seem like a constructive factor of the economy, the quantity of individuals jobless never dipped under 1.5 million, and at its pinnacle was 3 million. This high figure was because of the decay of customary ventures, for example, coal mining, steel creation and shipbuilding. These were the very ventures that had permitted Britain to accomplish such a place of intensity in the main mechanical unrest. In any case, Britains arrangement of free enterprise implied that different nations had the chance to find her, thus expanded rivalry and diminished interest prompted the decrease in work in these zones. This drop... <!

Civil War Essay Samples

Civil War Essay SamplesThe civil war is a part of history that can be taken on as an essay. There are a lot of social causes that come under this form of history that makes it a great choice for a cause essay. We all know the civil war was a time when a lot of people faced a lot of problems and in order to determine which causes were right or wrong for your causes you will need to look at the historical events in this case.When looking at these past events, you will see different people getting involved in different situations. The general public, being a part of the event can make it more difficult to write about because most of us don't really know all the details of the story. You will also need to think about who you are taking a look at. There were a lot of different personalities that were involved.Some of the most important parts of the civil war are the assassination of President Lincoln and the beginning of the free labor union fight. When writing this sort of essay you will need to take a lot of notes and this essay is going to have a lot of statements. A lot of people have trouble making these statements flow.When looking at social causes essay samples, there are a few different ways that you can do this. You can try some of the other essay samples online that are free. These will help you build up the structure that you need but the free samples are not always the best option. The free social causes essays usually aren't worth much, so if you try the other ones you will need to be on the lookout for the best ones.The free samples only give you one side of the story, which may not be the complete truth. Another thing that is going to show the false information is when you only read one side of the story. This is the best way to get a true interpretation because you will see both sides.You should also go to websites that have opinion articles that give you a lot of information. These websites are called research and they will be very honest with you. They will also be very well written. Research papers and opinion articles make a great combination.The Civil War essay samples can make a great read. People love to read history and if they can learn something from it then they will stick with it throughout their lives. With all the great things about this period of history you may find that you can't put down the paper. These are great for taking on during school and they can help you remember some of the important things that took place in this era.The civil war is one of the most famous and well-known periods of history that people want to see. If you have ever wanted to write an essay about this period then you will have a lot of options for essay samples to choose from. If you are just starting out and you are wanting to write an essay on a topic you may want to start with some of the other topics such as world history of the world.

Cloning, Ethics, and What Lies Ahead :: Science GeneticsTechnology Essays

Cloning, Ethics, and What Lies Ahead â€Å"If clones duplicate off one another in school, is this considered cheating?†(Milgram 76). These sorts of inquiries are currently posed in the current day due to today’s consistently propelling innovation. As of late, humanity has made innovative achievements in each perspective. From the new super data expressway that has transformed and extended the meaning of correspondence, to the capacity of making completely indistinguishable creatures in nature, these progressions have both presented positive and negative impacts. Some inquiry the reason for these disclosures while others resolvedly keep on driving towards expanding the limits of information. Biotechnology has developed to a point in time enabling humanity to make an indistinguishable animal utilizing just some lab instruments. In addition some imagine soon that researchers will have the ability to reproduce an individual, hereditarily indistinguishable from another, utilizing the data previously picked up f rom hereditary research in lab creatures, yet one must ask, â€Å"What reason will this serve and in what manner will it advantage mankind?†. The information that researchers have picked up in creature cloning must exclusively be utilized to additionally propel the field of wellbeing and medication for the advancement of mankind. Not the slightest bit can these discoveries be utilized to inquire about the cloning of people for this represents an extraordinary risk to mankind. It is basic to initially comprehend the nuts and bolts behind cloning and what it precisely is before one can settle on any choices with respect to this questionable topic. Cloning includes duplicating the hereditary material from another creature to make a truly and organically indistinguishable clone. At the point when creatures are recreated, the outcome is a hereditarily indistinguishable duplicate of the first living being. Inside the most recent decade, researchers from PPL Therapeutics had the option to clone the popular sheep, Dolly, who lighted the fire for the numerous dubious issues to follow. She was explicitly â€Å"formed by an atomic transplantation of a parental core into a contributor egg; she acquired the DNA outside of her core from the donor’s egg†(MilGram 5). The researchers expelled all hereditary material from the egg and afterward infused the nucleic material from the benefactor into the egg. Subsequent to doing so effectively, they reaped this e gg in the uterus of a sheep and the rest is history (Kolata 12). There are two or three confusions that initially should be cleared. Cloning, Ethics, and What Lies Ahead :: Science GeneticsTechnology Essays Cloning, Ethics, and What Lies Ahead â€Å"If clones duplicate off one another in school, is this considered cheating?†(Milgram 76). These kinds of inquiries are currently posed in the current day due to today’s regularly propelling innovation. Lately, humanity has made mechanical achievements in each angle. From the new super data thruway that has transformed and extended the meaning of correspondence, to the capacity of making completely indistinguishable creatures in nature, these progressions have both presented positive and negative impacts. Some inquiry the reason for these revelations while others resolutely keep on driving towards expanding the limits of information. Biotechnology has developed to a point in time enabling humankind to make an indistinguishable animal utilizing just some lab instruments. In addition some imagine soon that researchers will have the ability to recreate a person, hereditarily indistinguishable from another, utilizing the data previously picked up from hereditary resear ch in lab creatures, however one must ask, â€Å"What reason will this serve and by what method will it advantage mankind?†. The information that researchers have picked up in creature cloning must exclusively be utilized to additionally propel the field of wellbeing and medication for the advancement of mankind. Not the slightest bit can these discoveries be utilized to inquire about the cloning of people for this represents an incredible risk to mankind. It is basic to initially comprehend the essentials behind cloning and what it precisely is before one can settle on any choices with respect to this dubious topic. Cloning includes recreating the hereditary material from another creature to make a genuinely and organically indistinguishable clone. At the point when living beings are reproduced, the outcome is a hereditarily indistinguishable duplicate of the first life form. Inside the most recent decade, researchers from PPL Therapeutics had the option to clone the popular sheep, Dolly, who lighted the fire for the numerous questionable issues to follow. She was explicitly â€Å"formed by an atomic transplantation of a parental core into a contributor egg; she acquired the DNA outside of her core from the donor’s egg†(MilGram 5). The researchers expelled all hereditary material from the egg and afterward infused the nucleic material from the benefactor into the egg. In the wake of doing so effectively, they gathered th is egg in the uterus of a sheep and the rest is history (Kolata 12). There are two or three misguided judgments that initially should be cleared.

How to Get into an Ivy League School with Average Grades TKG

How to Get into an Ivy League School with Average Grades A student gets 2100 on the old SAT and gets into Harvard. No, this is not the start to a bad joke. Despite falling into the 25th percentile for Harvard’s class of 2020, a place that you really don’t want to be if you’re looking to get in, she got in. Not only did she get into Harvard, though. She got into all six of the Ivies she applied to. If you’re scratching your head, that’s understandable, but we’re here to tell you the not-so-secret secret to getting into an Ivy League school with average grades: a killer essay.We’ve given instructions on how to start the essay, we’ve told you what doesn’t work, and we’ve warned you what words to stay away from, but this post isn’t about generalized advice. Here, we’re going to get into the weeds of a stellar Ivy League-acceptance-winning essay.Her essay is called Pierogies. Yes, the Central European dumplings that are unreasonably delicious. You should read the essay in full, but here we are going to break apart some o f the things that make it a standout.Show Don’t Tell The concept of showing rather than telling can be tough because you’re writing, so of course, you're telling, but it really is how you tell the story.The essay starts:“The Brighton Beach train station stands above a maze of old brick apartment buildings and a gray polluted ocean. My grandfather and I would walk through the maze every morning from fifth to seventh grade, past windows that opened to kitchens with steaming tea kettles, and past vendor women in scarves setting up their pierogi and fruit stands. We would climb the stairs towards the B train and sit in our usual place. My grandfather would tell me Russian anecdotes, while we cracked sunflower seeds and listened to Chopin on his portable CD player.”This scene evokes emotion without actually listing feelings or emotions off - and that’s the crux of ‘show don’t tell’. Instead of spelling out that riding the train with her grandfather was important to her, s he showed that through the loving and intimate way in which she described it. She used detail to paint a scene that pulls the reader into her world, and we don’t want to leave.Put Yourself At the CenterEssays are supposed to be about you, the applicant, and this essay is really good at this. The entire piece is about her traveling to and from her neighborhood on the train, and she introduces a whole cast of other characters but stays rooted in its central subject: her.She writes:  â€œI control the trains as much as I control my drunken biological father’s abandonment or my mother and grandfather’s cancers. Didion taught me that our words are the only things we can ever control. With her essays on water and mortality she made me want to be a writer”This moment has five different people in it, but she’s still at the center. The people serve to revolve around her experiences, feelings, and interpretations of the world, all told through her voice. They are supporting characte rs in her story and she is careful not to let them steal the show.Go SomewhereNot every essay needs to have a surprise ending, but this one has a wonderful twist that we won’t ruin for you but that you really must read. Without spoiling it, the essay is bookended by two moments: getting on the train and getting off of the train. She takes the reader on a wild journey while the train is barrelling along, but gently places the reader back on the ground at the end.Now, this student didn’t just come up with this. This essay took months of work and it doesn’t hurt that she wants to be a writer (and we can’t wait until she starts publishing). Strong essays aren’t the product of spontaneous conception. They take time and effort, and they take true dedication - but that’s what it takes if you want to get into Harvard (and five other Ivies) with a 2100.If you’re looking to get into a school you ‘shouldn’t’ be able to, let us know. We’d love to help you on your journey.

Foreign Aid to Developing Countries (Essay) - 550 Words

Why Foreign Aid to Developing Countries Should Be Stopped (Essay Sample) Content: NameStudent IDTutorial Section NumberDateWhy Foreign Aid to Developing Countries Should Be StoppedIt is a wise and good idea for the rich nations to share their wealth with developing countries. Developing countries especially in Africa rely a lot on foreign aid to cater for health services, education, food, and other necessities. However, the question that has never been answered is whether foreign aid can help these countries out of the bondage of poverty. Presumably, many countries in Africa are perishing in poverty because of over relying on foreign aid. Many of the countries in Africa gained independence at the same time as some western countries, but their economies still perform poorly (Easterly 1).Foreign aid contributes to inefficiency of many governments in the underdeveloped countries. Various government leaders centralize their efforts on how to get more foreign grants instead of embarking on innovative projects that can wipe out poverty. In addition, too much flow of foreign aid to poor countries increases inflation. This makes the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s currency lose value and consequently, the exchange rate worsens. As a result, the government will embark on initiation of measures that will regulate inflation, instead of using that time strategizing on how to develop the country.Inflation brought about by foreign aid makes prices of different goods and services to increase at an alarming rate. This worsens the living standards of many citizens. Moreover, foreign aid makes citizens in these countries lazy. They never think of using the idly lying resources to benefit themselves. Even various governments in Africa have abdicated from their responsibilities. Instead of looking for ways of exploiting the plenty resources in Africa, theses governments spend most of their time seeking aid from foreign countries.Foreign aid money does not create jobs. Therefore, the unemployment problem in developing countries will persist as long as these countries continue to depend on foreign aid. Approximately 60% of people in Africa are under the age of 24. Jobs should be created for this people to help them evade poverty. What western countries should do is invest in African countries instead of sending them aid. Through investment, they will create jobs and help the African people win their daily bread.In addition, foreign governments should give African countries an opportunity to set up their own development plans. Before they tell the African governments what to do, they should first listen to their proposed development plans. A development plan meant for a country in USA cannot work in the same way in Africa. Development plans work according to the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economy and resources. Poverty in Africa can only be...

The Furniture Industry and finance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4807 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? From the last many years globalization has caused a vast impact on many industries. UK furniture industry also changed a lot with such a globalization trend. The addition of the technology and the changes in interior designing boosted the furniture business to a greater degree. Moreover, the globalization increased the choice for a consumer and the market started to be more competitive as earlier. (Drayse 2008) Jools Furniture Industries Ltd The overall growth rate and the position in market seem to be of a reputable level. The companys overall performance regarding business growth gives a positive impression. But on the other hand the vision of the chair person appears to be much conservative. The chair person is much interested in profitability rather then expansion and the quality and the scenario show that his emphasis on ROI is much more than any other thing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Furniture Industry and finance" essay for you Create order The group structure The company owns different divisions. According to the case study, the head office holds the control of the business. The centralized policy of the business has some favorable and some inauspicious effects on business activates. Some of these are pointed out as follow. Advantages As all the major decisions take place from head office so in such a way polices and strategies can be followed more strongly. Supplies can be purchased in bulk to cut down the overall cost. Work will be carried in best interest of the business rather then a department. Much effective control can be implemented. No need to employ professionals for every department in every division. Disadvantages Contrary to above advantages there are also many disadvantages. Employees motivational level suffers a lot. Specialties regarding different fields and division are over looked. Communication differences cause a great hurdle in the business development and will lead to sub-optimization. There will also be a lack of understanding the needs of different departments/divisions. (Ebig 2004) The Financial Fact Its true that the financial statements are fully loaded with lot of numbers. It is quite difficult to get the performance review in a glance over different statements. Different ratios are the major tools to get more information about the business efficiency and to evaluate different scenarios. (Tracy 2008) Many different ratios can be used to assess overall business performance. Some of them are as follow; I have split Profit or Loss Statement and Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) into two parts for better understanding and making relation between different ratios. The Revenue Growth It has been seen that a business needs some time to get consistency and gain market share. The performance of the overall business can be judged by its sales growth. As time passes organization tries to make much good relations with its customers, which causes sales growth. (Coker 2000)Â   The department wise %age of overall sales growth as compare to previous years is as follow. Division/Year 2008 2009 Quality Product Increase of 12.62% Increase of 9.78 Kitchen Increase of 10.45% Decrease of 3.98 Bedrooms Decrease of 7.5% Decrease of 6.16% Office Increase of 11.71% Increase of 12.44% The quality product divisions consistency seems down in 2009 as compared to year 2008. There may be a number of reasons behind such consistency decline. Export is also a major part of total sales revenue which remained low in 2009 as was in 2008. That may be the major reason in departmental sales decline. The Kitchens division sale is showing some adverse affects in 2009. As per case study the division is maintained under an old mill which may not be able to fulfill the markets requirements. The investment proposal by managing director of kitchen department may contribute up to some extent to generate some great business. Technology always adds some value to overall business performance. The constant decline in the sales turnover may be because of lacking of technological expertise. Turnover from office division is rising consistently. There may be number of reasons behind it. The managing director seems to be a sharp shooter of sales. Even not having any share in export, the departments overall performance regarding sales turnover is remarkable. COGS/Revenue Ratio and Other Expense Cost of goods sale is the direct cost incurred by a business to make sales. Higher the cost of the material, the larger will be the sales turnover required to meet the business activities. The cost also changes with the adopted method to mange the inventory system. (Clyde, Stickney, Roman, Schipper 2009) The ratios between COGS and Revenue are as follow. Division/Year 2007 2008 2009 Quality Product 61.09% 59.55% 58.63% Kitchen 60.78% 63.80% 62.39% Bedrooms 73.63% 68.56% 70.22% Office 61.10% 66.36% 63.03% Except quality product division, there is no other division with uniform behaviors towards direct cost and sales ratio. If we compare the COGS and revenue ratios we come to know that the bedroom division, even with a consistency in its direct cost, makes unfavorable sales in last two years. All the other direct cost lies between 58 to 63 percent of their revenue. But the bedroom division is consuming more than the other divisions. Other expenses are the major cause behind decline in divisions profitability. It consists of many different expenses of administrative and operational nature that affects the profitability of the organization. (Eisen 2007) It has been observed that in the office department, the expenses are more than 24% in 2009 as compare to previous year. On the other hand, the increase in sales re venue is about 12%. This shows twice the expense incurred as compared to the revenue. The amount of depreciation seems to be lower. Hence the expenses that incurred may be of administrative or marketing nature. Vice versa, the expenses in bedroom division fall by 11% approximately, but the sales revenue also suffered greatly. The non cash item like depreciation seems to be of constant value. In kitchen division, an almost constant expense with an even much less staff is quiet stunning. On the other hand the sales also decrease by approximately 4%, which may indicate cost cutting in the marketing side. No new fixed asset added up, hence depreciation is quiet lower then of previous year. Revenue/Employee Ratio The ratio will be a tool to determine the link between sales revenue and the staff acquired to incur that much revenue. It is the simplest tool to evaluate the performance of a department using men power. (OCED 2001) Each employee of Quality and Office division is earning more than 50k for the business. Whereas the kitchen department is going too good as the revenue earned is of about 89k per employee. The worst situation came to knowledge about bedroom department, the department has not only incurred a straight decline in sales revenue but its overall R/E ratio is also in its worst position. The division is earning 24k /employee. According to the audit management letter, it has been noticed that the department is also involved in releasing salaries of those who have been retired. The control objectives should be fulfilled to overcome such issues. It shows the carelessness of accounts department and the payroll (HR) department as well. Interest/Profit Ratio For the firms it is most important to cover the interest within its profits. If the company fails to pay the interest, it may endanger its further survival. Short term liabilities and paying off interest should be the top most priority of an organization. The interest/ profit seem to be of an acceptable level for all the divisions of Jools Furniture Ltd. The second major point to remember is that most of the time the divisions are financed internally. The level of interest is not of much considerable value in Jools Ltd, but the organization must utilize the financing facility to maximize its profitability. It has been notified that highly geared organizations earn more as compare to low gearing organizations; however, the risk involved to that organization is insolvency. ROCE Return on Capital employed is one of the most concerning ratio for a company from the shareholders point of view. This ratio indicates the performance of a company with regard to converting the shareholders investment into profits for them. The ratio is calculated by diving the earning before interest and tax by the total equity of the company. This ratio is one of the most important indicator of profitability and the efficiency of a company to generate profits. (Sinha 2009). Jools Ltds ROCE ratio has increased from 14% during the year 2008 to 15% in 2009. This increase in the ratio is mainly due to the increase in the return generated by the company which is greater in extent when compared with the increasing equity in the business. This is good sign but yet the return is only 15% which ca be improved by a better management of non performing sections of the company. The Liquidity Ratios These ratios can find the current position of any organization. The overall current holding which can be converted into cash at any time can be measure through these ratios. (Brigham2007) The two Current and Quick Acid Test ratios of the company are as follows. The over all current ratio of company seems to be very good. The ratio is about 1.5 which is satisfactory. The company should utilize the gearing facility to invest more to earn higher returns. The quick ratio for the organization is about 67%. The bedroom division and the kitchen division stocks too much inventory in WIP which should be well controlled. It can only be controlled by an efficient labor force when WIP is kept at its lowest level. Conclusion The ratios discussed above show an impact of weak financial management. The finance director must be much vigilant about investing the cash. The major point which has come to mind is the usage of gearing. Finance director should utilize the option of short term or even long term liabilities to get some better returns. The level of long term liability has remained at an almost constant level which indicates that the company has got a potential to generate funds through long term financing and solve some of the operational problems. Therefore the over all financial performance of the company is not quite satisfactory. There are also some incidents of fraud reported which further make the situation worse for the company. The divisional control over different aspects seems to be of low quality. The control regarding inventory should be improved. The receivable balances in bedroom department are depicting abnormality and should be considered. The current facility from vendors side sh ould also be revised. The bed room divisions list of balances regarding trade receivables and payable must be reconciled with list of their balances. The eventually increasing figures of expenses are also of great concerns and should be among top considerations. The managing director of bedroom division is also near his retirement age. He also considers that he is unable to implement control objectives. The presence of such a person in the senior position of the company is a question mark which needs to be answered immediately. The situation, circumstances and the financial figures are truly substantial and strong measures should be taken to avoid any possibility of future failure. Jools needs to address the management issues in the company to allow its future survival and sustainability. Task2 Role of an Accountant Now-a-days accountants are not only the persons to make good calculations. The era has converted many professionals towards much professionalism. With the passage of time the role and the responsibilities of the accountants also changed very much. Accountants are now further divided into different branches. A professional accountant is one engaged in different activities related to different areas of a business. The major concerns of an accountant are regarding the inflows and out flows of the company. An account attracts a trust from the business holders. They are responsible for any fraud or similar anomalies within a business. (Brooks, Dunn 2009) Management accounting is also one of vast field and important part of accounting. The accountants contribute well towards the accomplishment of the business plans and targets. Different types of tasks are performed by accountants like reporting and budgeting and making different forecasts. If a company owes a vigilant accountant who und erstands all his responsibilities and duties, that companys overall risk dwindles. The rapid changes in business need the accountant to be more efficient. Accountants are key players behind business development. Accountants serve a business in many different ways like, auditing, cost controlling, management and many other specialized areas. This shows the need and the responsibility level of an accountant towards the organization. (Lehman 1995) The Role of Finance Director The department of the finance is the major part of a company which contributes towards the short term as well as long term success of the business. There are many key functions which should be performed by finance department. Some of the foremost function and key responsibilities are discussed below to highlight the role of the finance director towards business. Finance department is not only concerned to finance related matters, but the team is also involved in many other administrative and business activities like fulfillment of tax returns, making financials and reporting time to time to asses the overall performance and efficiency of the business. All these activities can be performed efficient only because of an observant finance director. Control and Governance is the major risk towards the survival of any organizations. Directors are appointed to keep the control and to run the organization according to the companys polices. Finance director is a key player in maintain ing the control and finding any fraudulent activity in the business. Control or governance is not only tracing frauds but it also demands directors to implement the strong control procedures, which should be followed by the others. Cost Controlling is one of the major activities that must be managed well by finance director. A loss making organization can survive in a society, whereas the organization that runs short of money cant. Finance director is responsible to take reasonable measures to overcome wealth problems towards the organization. Internal Control must be well governed by the finance department. The finance director and his team are responsible for each and every flaw in control environment. Finance director is one who is the financial policy maker and makes the control environment strong. Reporting to external stakeholders is one of the major responsibilities of finance department. The finance manger of the organization should be well aware of all the changes and up gradations in the accounting terminology. The accounts should be maintained following GAAP. All the reports must ne following the applicable or international accounting systems. The above mentioned are the most important areas to be controlled by a finance director. The above mentioned responsibilities show that the finance division is the most complex but task oriented department in the organization. If the manger or the director directs his team well, the department will definitely contribute positively towards achieving business objectives. On the other hand if the finance department loses the control over things, then the survival of the business may become a question mark. The Fiduciary Duty of Directorship It is a fiduciary duty of director to represent the whole organization. He must take all the decisions in best interest of the organization. The director is not supposed to have any personal interests in any of the companys decision making. Good directors know their limits and powers very well. If a director thinks himself to be not suitable for company he must immediately backup instead of going further. Director is responsible to direct a company and if the director is unable to do so, the company ends up to failure. The Corporate Code of Governance require the presence of non-executive directors in the board of directors but, Jools is currently not having NED in its board. The company should be aware of the consequences of this matter. Finance Director of Jools Furniture Industries Ltd David Green, the finance director of Jools is qualified chartered accountant. He is a full member of the board of directors of the company. The information states that there is no divisional finance director and therefore David Green is assumed to have all the responsibilities regarding the financial matters of the company. David is practicing an autonomous role in the financial management of Jill, and therefore there is a communication gap between him and the lower level of staff as there is no intermediary in between. It can be noted that the company has a large amount as current assets. This means that the inventory level is high as well as other liquid items such as cash and cash equivalents are not utilized properly. The company has been facing issues to generate revenue in the bedroom department. Since a finance director is in a role to control all such matters, the performance of David is not appearing satisfactory here. A constant increase is seen in the expenses of t he company over the years and the trend is almost same in almost all the departments of the company. The increasing expense figure is indicating a poor management by the finance director. As one of the major responsibilities of a finance director is to ensure the profitability of the company, this role is not being fulfilled by David as the expenses do not seem to be under his control. It should be noted that David has to deal with all the divisions of the company alone as he is the only finance director of the company with no directors at the divisional level, therefore a huge burden of work can be a major reason for not performing well in managing the financial matters of the company. Although the revenue is in a constant increase when a comparison of the three years is made, yet the expenses are increasing with a larger pace and overcoming the increasing revenue. Therefore looking at the overall scenario, it can be said that the financial matters are not being managed prope rly and there is a huge risk that such a scenario can lead to future problems for the company. Jools should consider the likely impact of the outcomes if the situation is not addressed properly. The board including the Finance director should assess that how the financial performance of the company can be proved. Before continuing further, the first step that the board of director should do is to follow the requirements of Code of Ethics and Conduct and appoint the required level of Non Executive Directors at the board to ensure that the laws are complied. Although this may become a further burden over the companys expenditure, yet the role played by NEDs can contribute very positively in the best interest of Jools. The presence of Non Executive Directors will ensure a just and reasonable strategy towards the management of problems in existence in the company and also reduce the possibilities of fraud and miss management. The audit management report has also highlighted some p roblems with the financial matters of the company. It has been noted that the inventory has been reported stolen, which indicates that the controls are not strong in the inventory management department and a part of its responsibility falls on the shoulders of the finance director who is responsible to ensure the proper working of all the finance related departments. The audit report also shows that the payroll department is also not functioning properly. The incidents of fraud are also reported in that department too. This is a very serious issue which has to be answered by the finance director who has the direct responsibility over that departments functioning. The sales ledger also have shown a five moths outdated balance which is another indication of fraud going on in the company and the finance director is unaware of the issues. As the information states that David is not accustomed to the business environment of Jessi and thereof it should be noted that his non satisfac tory performance can be due to the same reason. Although David is a qualified person but as per the information provided, he is not suitable for the furniture industry environment and therefore his presence in the board as well as in the company should be evaluated. However, it should also be noted that besides the problems, the finance directors has shown some satisfactory performances as well. He has maintained the liquidity position at a good rate and ensured that the liquidity performance of the company is not compromised. The return on capital for the company has increased from a level of 14% to 15 % from year 2008 to 2009. Although the total increase is very small yet there is an increase. The company has been able to generate a 9% extra earning before interst during the year 2009 as compared to the last year. Furthermore, David has allowed Jools to expand its operations by effectively managing the companys financial needs. Therefore if there are several problems with th e performance of the finance director, there is positive performance as well. Thus the professional expertise of the finance director cannot be questioned and the only problem is the one that the scenario itself identifies that David does not have flair to the Jools business. However, this reason is not enough to justify the malfunctions and frauds being detected in the departments under his direct control. It should be noted that a Finance director is not only responsible for the management profitability and revenue, but also responsible for the decision making related to the sources of finances and their suitability to the company. Moreover, a finance director is also responsible for the management of the control processes in the financial department of the company to ensure that the financial management related processes are operating effectively and according to the required standards. Recommendations There are several fraud detections and other serious issues present in the accounting and finance departments performance. These issues can only be solved by introducing finance directors at the divisional levels of the company and allowing them a full autonomy to oversee the departments take actions to control the issue present. The other solution is to review the presence of David as the finance director as the company can definitely find better candidates for the position who are not only equally qualified and experienced but also have flair to Jools business environment. The other most important step that Jools has to take to ensure the prevention of fraud and other anomalies in the company is to appoint Non Executive Directors in the company and abide the applied laws over it. The presence of NEDs will not only add professional expertise in the company but will also add an independent body to ensure that the shareholders interests are secured and given the prime importance in the company. Finance Director cannot be assumed to owe all the responsibility towards the presence of fraud in the company but the other directors including the managing director have an equal responsibility for it as well. Task 3 Prospects of Investment Proposal The data submitted for the investment proposal to the board shows a positive prospect about its future outcome. The project is expected to earn an NPV of pound;500,000 over 6 years duration. This project is to support the growth strategy of the company and to uphold its future sustainability in the market. Although there is a positive NPV of pound;500,000, yet it should be kept in mind that the project is having a probability of only 25% to get break even. Loan as a Source of Finance The decision to implement the above investment proposal is highly dependant upon the availability of finance. Finance is one of the major limiting factors for any organization. The directors of the company have requested the board to raise a pound; 1.8 m loan to finance the proposed project. However, the board needs to look upon the implications of securing a loan before accepting the request and also carefully evaluate the use of other sources of finance which the company can use to raise finance. (Hall 2010-A) Advantages of Loan as a Source of Finance The major advantage that a loan has is the quick availability of it. Any company can raise a loan through any lending organization as far as it can place a security against the amount. This quick availability of loan makes it the most widely used source of finance. The other advantage that a loan has as a source of finance is the flexibility in the repayment options. The company can negotiate a loan based on its suitability and dependant upon its stream of income. A loan can be generated easily as there are a lot of lending companies offering to give a loan to companies. Another advantage of using loan as a source of funding is the amount which a loan can offer. It has been seen that the lending organizations can lend as much as a company requires, however only if an equally valued security is deposited against it. (Hall 2010-B) Disdvantages of Loan as a Source of Finance Besides the above advantages, loan has a lot of disadvantages associated with it as well. The biggest disadvantage is the interest payment that often becomes a headache for the companies to pay. An interest is actually the payment for using the facility of loan and if its unpaid, it attracts further interest on the amount unpaid, therefore, making loan a costly source of finance. The other great disadvantage associated with a loan is the security which has to be placed against it. Arranging a security often becomes an issue for small to medium sized companies, who usually need loans more to fund their operations as compared to a large entity. Placing a security is also difficult because the lending institution often demand a liquid item to be secured over the loan. The other negative impact of a loan can be seen of the financial analysis of it. A company surviving majorly over loan financing, depicts a high gearing ratio and this high gearing ratio discourages potential shareholder s to invest in the companys shares. Moreover, loans can also decrease the profitability of the company, thus leaving a smaller amount for the companies to pay their shareholders. (Hall 2010-C) Other Alternative Sources of Finance There are a lot of other alternatives to raise finance other than using a loan. Two of them are listed below; Fund Raising through Stock Market One of the major sources of finance for companies is the stock market, where they can trade their shares as a commodity and raise funds for their needs. Companies can issue shares to attract buyers and raise finance by selling those shares to them. The cost of issuing shares is usually the administrative expenses associated with the share issuance and payable to the brokers, however a company needs to be registered on a stack market in order to get involved in stock market trading. Moreover, the issuance of shares depends highly upon the current position of the company with respect to its financial performance and also the present estimates and forecasts of its future performance. Share holders are interested to invest their money in a company which can offer them a steady income as well as a security of their investment. The only security that a shareholder can get is the great future prospects of a company as no physical security is required in this case. (Hall 2010-D) Therefo re, Jools Furniture Industries Ltd can use this source of finance for raising the money required by the kitchen department for creating the new operations. Sale and Leaseback of Assets to generate finance A very important source of finance for companies is its own assets. Instead of securing an asset with a bank or any other lending company, and getting itself involved with paying high amounts of interests, while bounded to follow the restrictions to use the secured asset applied by the lending company, a company can enter a sale and lease back agreement and generate the funds. A sale and Lease back arrangement is where a company sells an asset to someone with an agreement that the asset will be used by the company, but a rent will be paid for that usage. The company retains the unrestricted use of the asset as well as gets an immediate finance for its needs. The only disadvantage associated with this source of finance is the amount of rent payable to the purchase. Furthermore, the asset gets off the companys balance sheet as it no more remains to be an asset of it. (Hall 2010-E) Recommendation Although Jools Furniture Industries Ltd is seeking a loan as a source of finance, but the above analysis shows that there are better alternatives available for it. If the company is registered with a stock exchange, it can issue shares and get the funds needed. However, if a company owns an asset, either spare or not in much use, it can be used to generate fund through a sale and leaseback agreement. The board has to decide over the matter keeping in view the desired outcomes.